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Abu Dhabi

Dubai

Abu Dhabi

Useful Traveler Information - Abu Dhabi

Abu Dhabi Traveler information

  • Do All Foreigners Need a Tourist Visa to Visit Dubai and Abu Dhabi?

    No, not all foreigners need a visa in advance. The UAE has different visa requirements based on nationality:

    ✅ Visa-Free or Visa on Arrival Countries

    • Citizens from 70+ countries, including USA, Canada, UK, EU, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, South Korea, and Singapore, can enter visa-free or receive a visa on arrival.

    • The visa on arrival is typically valid for 30 or 90 days, depending on your country.

    • GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council) nationals (e.g., Saudi Arabia, Kuwait) do not require a visa.

    ❗ Visa Required in Advance

    • Citizens from countries not eligible for visa-free entry must apply for a tourist visabefore arrival. This includes many African, South Asian, and some Latin American countries.

    🌐 2. Where to Obtain a UAE Tourist Visa

    If you need a tourist visa in advance, you can apply through:

    🏨 UAE-Based Hotels

    • If you're staying at a hotel in the UAE, they can sponsor your visa.

    • Authorized UAE travel agents can also process visas if you book a tour or itinerary with them.

    🖥️ Online via UAE Immigration Portals

    🏛️ UAE Embassy or Consulate

    🛫 Airlines (Recommended)

    • Major UAE airlines like Emirates, Etihad, Air Arabia, and FlyDubai offer visa application services when you book your flight.

      • This is the easiest and most reliable method.

    📌 Tourist Visa Validity

    • Most tourist visas are valid for 30 or 60 days, with a possible extension for 30 days.

    • Multiple-entry visas are also available for longer stays.

  • 🛫 Airlines (Recommended)

    • Major UAE airlines like Emirates, Etihad, Air Arabia, and FlyDubai offer visa application services when you book your flight.

      • This is the easiest and most reliable method.

    • BOOK A FLIGHT

  • Please to on link to inquire:

    GET YOUR EKTA TRAVEL INSURANCE HERE

  • When visiting Abu Dhabi, both men and women—especially Western visitors—are expected to respect local cultural norms, religious values, and laws. Here’s a summary of the key rules and social expectations for conduct, dress, alcohol, and behavior:

    🧍‍♀️ Dress Code

    For Women:

    • Modesty is key. Avoid revealing clothing such as short skirts, crop tops, or low-cut tops in public areas.

    • Cover shoulders and knees in public places, especially religious sites (e.g., mosques).

    • Swimwear is acceptable at hotel pools and private beaches, but not in public areas or public beaches.

    • Headscarves are not required for non-Muslim women except when entering mosques.

    For Men:

    • Wear shirts with sleeves and avoid very short shorts.

    • Avoid walking shirtless in public, even on the beach promenade.

    • Swimwear is acceptable at pools and beaches, but shirts are expected elsewhere.

    🧍‍♂️ Social Conduct

    • Public displays of affection (PDA) like kissing and hugging are discouraged; holding hands may be tolerated for married couples.

    • Offensive gestures, swearing, or rude behavior (even online) can result in fines or arrest.

    • Respect for religion is crucial; avoid criticizing Islam, the government, or customs.

    • Photography: Do not take photos of locals, especially women, without permission. Avoid photographing government buildings or military sites.

    🍷 Alcohol Consumption

    • Alcohol is allowed in licensed venues such as hotels, bars, and clubs.

    • Drinking in public or being intoxicated in public is illegal and can lead to arrest.

    • Non-Muslim residents can apply for an alcohol license, but tourists can drink in permitted venues without one.

    • No alcohol during the holy month of Ramadan during daylight hours in public.

    🙏 Religious & Cultural Sensitivity

    • During Ramadan, eating, drinking, or smoking in public during daylight is strictly prohibited.

    • Mosques: Non-Muslims may visit some mosques (e.g., Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque), but must dress modestly and behave respectfully.

    • Friday is the holy day; expect reduced hours for some businesses in the morning.

    ✅ Tips for Visitors

    • Carry ID or a passport copy.

    • Respect local customs and laws even if they differ from your own.

    • Always ask if unsure—locals and hotel staff are usually happy to guide you respectfully.

Weather Abu Dhabi

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ABU DHABI WEATHER

Abu Dhabi

  • Abu Dhabi Skyline

    Abu Dhabi

  • Abu Dhabi Bay

    Abu Dhabi Bay

  • Abu Dhabi Skyline

    Abu Dhabi Skyline

  • Conrad Abu Dhabi Etihad Towers, Abu Dhabi, UAE

    Conrad Abu Dhabi Etihad Towers

  • Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque in Abu Dhabi, UAE

    Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque

  • Abu Dhabi Helicopter Rides, UAE

    Abu Dhabi Helicopter Rides

  • Abu Dhabi Emirates Palace, UAE

    Abu Dhabi Emirates Palace

  • Presidential palace in Abu Dhabi, UAE

    Presidential palace in Abu Dhabi

  • Desert Camping and Off-Road Adventure in Abu Dhabi

    Desert Camping and Off-Road Adventure

  • Ferrari Amusement World Park, Abu Dhabi, UAE

    Ferrari Amusement World Park

  • Camel Rides, Abu Dhabi, UAE

    Camel Rides

  • Saadiyat Beach Club in Abu Dhabi, UAE

    Saadiyat Beach Club

Top Hotel Picks
Abu Dhabi

Hotel Map Abu Dhabi

Tours and Activities

More Tours Abu Dhabi

Abu Dhabi, Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque UAE

Travel Essentials

Please be aware that prices may fluctuate
as supplier discounts can change/end
without prior notice.

These earbuds can translate from English to Arabic and vice versa.AI Translation Earbuds Real Time, 164 Language Translator Earbuds 3-in-1 Bluetooth 5.4 with APP

These earbuds can translate from English to Arabic and vice versa.AI Translation Earbuds Real Time, 164 Language Translator Earbuds 3-in-1 Bluetooth 5.4 with APP

    • [Body Camera 4K &1.4’LCD Screen]Ultra HD Body Cam with 4K Recording all could replay by the 1.4-inch High-quality LED Screen the mini body camera supports real time playback and managing the recorded videos/audios/photos on the body camera freely, no worry about the hassles to look for a PC for playback.Detailed menu for you to switch, so easy to control the body camera. Offer inverted screen switching mode, Support power display.

    • [HotSpot Body Camera and Time-Lapse Shooting] Body Camera has a hotspot function, where the phone connects to the device's network and accesses the images and video resources captured by the device and stored by the phone (limited to 32 feet). Body Camera Time-lapse feature requires you to turn on this feature in the settings menu (on or off), to shoot in double the fast time, to meet the user's need to use more resources based on the scene.

    • [Built-in 128GB Memory and 1400mAh Battery 】HONGHOO Mini Body Camera comes with 128GB memory and 1400mAh Battery, and can record up to 6 Hours of Continuous Working Video (With the Lights off). Weighing only 85 grams, you can take it with you wherever you go. Turns on in a second so you can instantly shoot Ultra HD 4K Video.

    • [180°Rotatable -120°wide-angle lens ]Body Cam 4K adjust the lens direction to your demand, ensuring the cam will not record at a wrong angle. rotation to capture valuable moments of your daily life and amazing travels, the video camera has different ways to wear. It can either be clipped on your backpack or put in your pocket. Suitable for a variety of scenarios: pet filming, outdoor sports, meetings, lectures, hiking, take-out delivery Evidence collection Daily proof, and police body camera

    • [What you get] HONGHOO 4K Body Camera*1, memory card 128GB*1,Body cam Bicycle mount*1,Type C charging cable*1 user manual*1, card reader*1

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128GB Body Camera 4K 30FPS UHD Recording,1.4 in Screen Recorder Night Vision Lighting 6HR Battery Life Wearable Camcorder for travel, Outdoor Riding

Body Camera

    • AI Translation Earbuds Real Time, 164 Language Translator Earbuds 3-in-1 Bluetooth 5.4 with APP, Translation Headphones with 6 Translation Modes Translating Device for Travel/Business/Learning

    • These earbuds can translate from English to Arabic and vice versa

    • Performance & Use:

      • Real-world reviews mention reliable use for casual conversations and helpful functionality—minor delays may occur depending on clarity and environment, plus you may need to select language pair in the app

  • #CommissionsEarned

  • Amazon return and refund policies

Buy this item on Amazon

Dubai

Useful Traveler Information - Dubai

Dubai traveler information

  • Do All Foreigners Need a Tourist Visa to Visit Dubai and Abu Dhabi?

    No, not all foreigners need a visa in advance. The UAE has different visa requirements based on nationality:

    ✅ Visa-Free or Visa on Arrival Countries

    • Citizens from 70+ countries, including USA, Canada, UK, EU, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, South Korea, and Singapore, can enter visa-free or receive a visa on arrival.

    • The visa on arrival is typically valid for 30 or 90 days, depending on your country.

    • GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council) nationals (e.g., Saudi Arabia, Kuwait) do not require a visa.

    ❗ Visa Required in Advance

    • Citizens from countries not eligible for visa-free entry must apply for a tourist visabefore arrival. This includes many African, South Asian, and some Latin American countries.

    🌐 2. Where to Obtain a UAE Tourist Visa

    If you need a tourist visa in advance, you can apply through:

    🏨 UAE-Based Hotels

    • If you're staying at a hotel in the UAE, they can sponsor your visa.

    • Authorized UAE travel agents can also process visas if you book a tour or itinerary with them.

    🖥️ Online via UAE Immigration Portals

    🏛️ UAE Embassy or Consulate

    🛫 Airlines (Recommended)

    • Major UAE airlines like Emirates, Etihad, Air Arabia, and FlyDubai offer visa application services when you book your flight.

      • This is the easiest and most reliable method.

    📌 Tourist Visa Validity

    • Most tourist visas are valid for 30 or 60 days, with a possible extension for 30 days.

    • Multiple-entry visas are also available for longer stays.

  • 🛫 Airlines (Recommended)

    • Major UAE airlines like Emirates, Etihad, Air Arabia, and FlyDubai offer visa application services when you book your flight.

      • This is the easiest and most reliable method.

    • BOOK A FLIGHT

  • 🛫 Airlines (Recommended)

    • Major UAE airlines like Emirates, Etihad, Air Arabia, and FlyDubai offer visa application services when you book your flight.

      • This is the easiest and most reliable method.

    • BOOK A FLIGHT

  • Please to on link to inquire:

    GET YOUR EKTA TRAVEL INSURANCE HERE

  • When visiting Dubai, Western tourists are welcomed warmly, but it’s important to follow local laws, customs, and cultural norms. Dubai is more liberal than other parts of the UAE, but respect for Islamic traditions is still expected. Below is a concise guide for conduct, dress, alcohol, and behavior for Western women and men.

    🧍‍♀️🧍‍♂️ Dress Code

    General Guidelines (Men & Women):

    • Dress modestly in public spaces such as malls, markets, and religious sites.

    • Avoid revealing, tight, or see-through clothing.

    • Swimwear is allowed at beaches, pools, and waterparks—but not in public areas.

    For Women:

    • Shoulders and knees should be covered in public.

    • Avoid short skirts, low-cut tops, or crop tops in public.

    • In mosques, wear a headscarf, long sleeves, and loose-fitting clothing.

    For Men:

    • Avoid tank tops, very short shorts, or going shirtless outside beach/pool areas.

    • Long trousers and short- or long-sleeved shirts are standard.

    🍷 Alcohol Laws

    • Alcohol is legal for non-Muslims in licensed venues such as hotel bars, restaurants, and nightclubs.

    • Drinking in public, being drunk in public, or drunk driving is illegal and punishable by law.

    • You must be 21 or older to drink alcohol.

    • Duty-free alcohol is permitted in limited quantities for personal use upon entry.

    • During Ramadan, alcohol service may be restricted during daylight hours.

    🤝 Public Behavior & Social Conduct

    • Public displays of affection (PDA) such as kissing or hugging can lead to warnings or fines. Holding hands is acceptable for married couples.

    • Avoid rude gestures, swearing, or aggressive behavior—these are criminal offenses and can lead to arrest.

    • Respect for religion is crucial: avoid discussing or criticizing Islam or the ruling family.

    • Photography: Always ask before taking photos of locals—especially women—and never photograph government buildings, military sites, or airports.

    🕌 Religious & Cultural Etiquette

    • Friday is the holy day; many businesses may open later.

    • During Ramadan, don’t eat, drink, smoke, or chew gum in public during daylight hours.

    • Non-Muslims may visit mosques like the Jumeirah Mosque, but must dress conservatively and behave respectfully.

    ✅ Quick Tips for Tourists

    • Carry ID or passport copy.

    • Public transport (like the Dubai Metro) has women-only cars and priority seating—respect signs.

    • Same-sex relationships are not publicly acknowledged; discretion is required.

    • Avoid loud or disruptive behavior in public places.

Weather Dubai

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DUBAI WEATHER

Dubai

  • Dubai skyline, UAE

    Dubai skyline,

  • Burj Al Arab Luxury Hotel, Dubai, UAE

    Burj Al Arab Luxury Hotel

  • Burj Khalifa at Night, Dubai. UAE

    Burj Khalifa and Dining

  • Commercial flight landing in Dubai, UAE

    Commercial flight landing in Dubai

  • Al Ain, from Jebel Hafeet Mountain

    Al Ain, from Jebel Hafeet Mountain

  • Dubai desert safari,United Arab Emirates

    Dubai desert safari

  • Dubai marina skyline in United Arab Emirates

    Dubai marina

  • Dune Buggy and Sand Boarding Dubai,UAE

    Dune Buggy and Sand Boarding

  • Fujairah Fort, UAE

    Fujairah Fort,

  • Ras al Khaimah, UAE

    Ras al Khaimah, Hot Air Balloon Rides

Top Hotel Picks Dubai

Hotel Map Dubai

Tours and Activities

More Tours Dubai

Grand Mosque of Dubai in United Arab Emirates

Travel Essentials

Please be aware that prices may fluctuate
as supplier discounts can change/end
without prior notice.

These earbuds can translate from English to Arabic and vice versa, both online and offline. AI Translation Earbuds, Real-Time Two-Way Translation in 127 Online Languages, System Call & Video Subtitle Support

These earbuds can translate from English to Arabic and vice versa, both online and offline. AI Translation Earbuds

    • 1, Stabilizer has 3 different modes: full-follow mode, half-follow mode, full lock mode

    • 2, Handle manual zoom control

    • 3, The use of 4000mAH power supply, the maximum can run for 12 hours;

    • Built-in interface to charge your phone or motion camera directly

    • 4, When the power supply is low, can also charge the stabilizer

    • 5, 70 degrees mobile clamps to facilitate switching vertical shooting mode

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3 Axis Gimbal Handheld Stabilizer Cellphone Action Camera Holder Anti Shake Video Record

3 Axis Gimbal Handheld Stabilizer

    • Just download the “iTourBuds” app and connect your iTour earbuds. No subscription needed—one purchase gives you free lifetime access to all features.

    • Unique Phone & Video Calls Translation: The iTourTranslator 22 PRO translation earbuds support direct real-time translation during phone calls. Just make or receive a regular call—our earbuds provide instant, two-way translation. The earphones also support voice and video call translation on WhatsApp, Facebook, Line, Telegram, WeChat, Skype, and more

    • Bidirectional Simultaneous Translation: Download the "iTourBuds" app (no subscription needed—lifetime free), pair your language translator earbuds, and you're ready to go. Enjoy lightning-fast 0.3-second two-way translation. Each person wears one 22 pro earbud and speaks naturally while the other hears the real-time translation. More than a translator earbuds—it's your business assistant

    • Online Real-time Translation in 127 Languages: The iTour translator earbuds translate in 127 languages with up to 98% accuracy, powered by five top engines: OpenAI, DeepL, Google, Microsoft, and our exclusive iTourLLM. The real-time translation earbuds auto-detect speech and deliver fast, reliable translations—ideal for business meetings, travel conversations, and language learning

    • Audio & Video Subtitle Translation & Smart Transcription：Watch YouTube, TikTok, and other videos on the phone with real-time bilingual subtitles via the iTourBuds app's floating window. Adjust size and position for optimal viewing. For meetings, the built-in transcription tool turns speech into text, generates AI-powered summaries, and lets you export detailed notes—perfect for professional use

    • Offline Translation: Stay secure with offline translation in 21 source languages and 57 target languages—no Wi-Fi needed. Prevent data leaks while enjoying fast, private translations anytime, anywhere. The iTour translating earbuds support offline languages include Chinese Simplified English Japanese Korean Arabic Catalan Czech German Spanish Persian French Hindi Italian Dutch Polish Portuguese Russian Telugu Turkish Ukrainian Vietnamese

    • Long Battery Life & All-Day Comfort: Get up to 5 hours of use on a single 1-hour charge, with 90 days standby. The lightweight ergonomic design offers a snug, pressure-free fit for all-day comfort. The iTourtranslator earphones are perfect for travel, meetings, and events.

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Statutory Public Holidays

Academic and Religious Holidays

Public Holdays

  • New Year's Day January 1

    School Holidays
    Winter Break
    20th Dec. ‘24 to 5Jan. ‘25

    Spring Break/ School Holidays
    10 March ‘25 and 21 March ‘25

    Good Friday-Easter Weekend
    (4 Days – Friday to Monday)
    20 March and 23 April

    Victoria Day 🇨🇦
    The last Monday before May 25
    2025, it will be on Monday, May 19

    Summer Break/ School Holidays
    28 June ‘25 to early September.

    Canada Day Tues, 1 Jul ‘25

    Labor Day Mon, 2nd Sept. ‘24

    Thanksgiving Day (Canada)
    Monday, October 13, 2025

    Christmas Day Wed. 25 Dec ‘ 24

  • Christmas Day – December 25 (Federal holiday)
    New Year's Day – January 1 (Federal holiday) Many offices close for the entire week between Christmas & New Year’s. If Christmas or New Year’s falls on a Tuesday or Thursday, workers often take a 4-day break.

    Martin Luther King Jr. Day
    2025 - Monday, January 20
    2026: Monday, January 19

    Presidents' Day
    2025: Monday, February 17
    2026: Monday, February 16

    Typical Spring Break Periods USA:
    Spring break in the USA varies by school district and university, but it typically falls between early March and mid-April. Colleges & Universities: Late February – Early April
    K-12 Schools: Mid-March – Early April
    Colleges & Universities:
    March 3 – March 23, 2025
    K-12 Schools: March 8 – April 6, 2025

    Easter Dates: 2025 & 2026
    2025: April 18,Good Friday
    2025: April 20, 2025, Easter Sunday
    2025: April 21, Easter Monday

    2026: April 3, Good Friday
    2026: April 5, 2026, Easter Sunday
    2026: April 6, 2026: April 6

    Memorial Day (Long Weekend)
    2025: Monday, May 26

    Independence Day (Long Weekend)
    2025: Friday, July 4

    Labor Day Weekend (Long Weekend)
    2025: Monday, September 1

    Columbus Day / Indigenous Peoples' Day USA
    2025: Monday, October 13
    2026: Monday, October 12

    Thanksgiving Weekend (4+ Days)
    Many workplaces give Friday off, creating a 4-day weekend (Thursday–Sunday
    2025: Thursday, November 27

  • Academic holiday dates in Mexico vary by institution, but typical periods include:

    Winter Break: Generally from: mid-December (around December 20) to early January (around January 10).

    Mexico’s statutory public holidays, as defined by Federal Labor Law, are typically one-day observances. They include:
    January 1, New Year’s Day
    February 5: Constitution Day (observed on the first Monday in February)
    March 21, Benito Juárez’s Birthday,
    : (observed on the third Monday in March)

    Academic Holidays:
    Spring Break (Semana Santa): Usually a one-week break during Holy Week in late March or early April (exact dates change annually).

    May 1: Labor Day

    Academic Holidays:Summer Break: Typically extends from late May or early June until late August.

    September 16: Independence Day

    "Día de los Muertos" is celebrated on November 1 and November 2,but it’s only officially recognized as a public holiday in certain states or municipalities, not nationwide.

    November 20: Revolution Day (observed on the third Monday in November)

    December 25: Christmas Day

  • Barbados
    Statutory Holidays:
    January 1 (New Year’s Day)
    January 21 (Errol Barrow Day)
    Variable dates for Good Friday and Easter Monday
    April 28 (National Heroes Day)
    May 1 (Labor Day)
    August 1 (Emancipation Day)
    November 30 (Independence Day)
    Academic holiday dates in Barbados vary by institution and academic year
    Christmas Break: Usually from around December 20–January 4
    December 25 (Christmas Day), and December 26 (Boxing Day).

    Trinidad and Tobago
    Statutory Holidays:
    January 1 (New Year’s Day)
    Variable dates for Good Friday and Easter Monday
    Academic Holidays:
    Easter Break:
    Approximate duration: A one- to two-week period around Holy Week (dates vary each year based on the Easter calendar).
    March 30 (Spiritual Baptist Liberation Day)
    May 30 (Indian Arrival Day)

    Academic Holidays:
    Summer Break:
    Approximate dates: July 1 to September 1

    August 1 (Emancipation Day)
    August 31 (Independence Day)
    Variable dates for Diwali

    Academic holiday dates in Trinidad and Tobago can vary by institution, but common break periods typically include:
    Christmas Break:
    Approximate dates: December 20 to 4 January
    December 25 (Christmas Day)
    December 26 (Boxing Day)

  • In South Africa, public holidays are established by the Public Holidays Act (Act No 36 of 1994). When a public holiday falls on a Sunday, the following Monday is observed as a holiday. The school calendar is determined by the Department of Basic Education and may vary slightly between provinces. Below are the public holidays and proposed school term dates for 2025 and 2026:

    Public Holidays:

    2025:

    • New Year's Day: Wednesday, 1 January

    • Human Rights Day: Friday, 21 March

    • Good Friday: Friday, 18 April

    • Family Day: Monday, 21 April

    • Freedom Day: Sunday, 27 April (observed on Monday, 28 April)

    • Workers' Day: Thursday, 1 May

    • Youth Day: Monday, 16 June

    • National Women's Day: Saturday, 9 August

    • Heritage Day: Wednesday, 24 September

    • Day of Reconciliation: Tuesday, 16 December

    • Christmas Day: Thursday, 25 December

    • Day of Goodwill: Friday, 26 December

    2026:

    • New Year's Day: Thursday, 1 January

    • Human Rights Day: Saturday, 21 March

    • Good Friday: Friday, 3 April

    • Family Day: Monday, 6 April

    • Freedom Day: Monday, 27 April

    • Workers' Day: Friday, 1 May

    • Youth Day: Tuesday, 16 June

    • National Women's Day: Sunday, 9 August (observed on Monday, 10 August)

    • Heritage Day: Thursday, 24 September

    • Day of Reconciliation: Wednesday, 16 December

    • Christmas Day: Friday, 25 December

    • Day of Goodwill: Saturday, 26 December

    There are 9 Provinces in South Africa, so school holiday dates will vary by a few days difference between provinces. Private Schools in South Africa work on same principle. Generally speaking Academic institutions in South Africa are only few days apart.

    Herewith an indication for general School Term Dates:

    2025:

    • Term 1: Wednesday, 15 January – Thursday, 20 March

    • Term 2: Tuesday, 1 April – Friday, 20 June

    • Term 3: Tuesday, 15 July – Friday, 26 September

    • Term 4: Monday, 6 October – Wednesday, 10 December

    2026:

    • Term 1: Wednesday, 14 January – Friday, 27 March

    • Term 2: Wednesday, 8 April – Friday, 26 June

    • Term 3: Tuesday, 21 July – Friday, 2 October

    • Term 4: Tuesday, 13 October – Wednesday, 9 December

    Please note that these dates are subject to change. For the most current information, it's advisable to consult the official South African Government website

    gov.za

    and the Department of Basic Education's school calendar.

  • Public Holidays for 2025

    - New Year's Day: January 1 (Fixed)

    - Eid al-Fitr: Based on lunar calendar (approx. dates provided)

    - Arafat Day: Based on lunar calendar (approx. dates provided)

    - Eid al-Adha: Based on lunar calendar (approx. dates provided)

    - Islamic New Year: Based on lunar calendar (approx. dates provided)

    - Prophet Muhammad's Birthday (Mawlid): Based on lunar calendar (approx. dates provided)

    - Commemoration Day: December 1 (Fixed)

    - UAE National Day: December 2 - 3 (Fixed)

    Public Holidays for 2026

    - New Year's Day: January 1 (Fixed)

    - Eid al-Fitr: Based on lunar calendar (approx. dates provided)

    - Arafat Day: Based on lunar calendar (approx. dates provided)

    - Eid al-Adha: Based on lunar calendar (approx. dates provided)

    - Islamic New Year: Based on lunar calendar (approx. dates provided)

    - Prophet Muhammad's Birthday (Mawlid): Based on lunar calendar (approx. dates provided)

    - Commemoration Day: December 1 (Fixed)

    - UAE National Day: December 2 - 3 (Fixed)

    Public Holidays for 2027

    - New Year's Day: January 1 (Fixed)

    - Eid al-Fitr: Based on lunar calendar (approx. dates provided)

    - Arafat Day: Based on lunar calendar (approx. dates provided)

    - Eid al-Adha: Based on lunar calendar (approx. dates provided)

    - Islamic New Year: Based on lunar calendar (approx. dates provided)

    - Prophet Muhammad's Birthday (Mawlid): Based on lunar calendar (approx. dates provided)

    - Commemoration Day: December 1 (Fixed)

    - UAE National Day: December 2 - 3 (Fixed)

  • In the United Kingdom, statutory holidays, commonly known as bank holidays, vary across its constituent nations: England and Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. Below are the confirmed bank holiday dates for 2025 and 2026:

    England and Wales:

    2025:

    • New Year's Day: Wednesday, 1 January

    • Good Friday: Friday, 18 April

    • Easter Monday: Monday, 21 April

    • Early May Bank Holiday: Monday, 5 May

    • Spring Bank Holiday: Monday, 26 May

    • Summer Bank Holiday: Monday, 25 August

    • Christmas Day: Thursday, 25 December

    • Boxing Day: Friday, 26 December

    2026:

    • New Year's Day: Thursday, 1 January

    • Good Friday: Friday, 3 April

    • Easter Monday: Monday, 6 April

    • Early May Bank Holiday: Monday, 4 May

    • Spring Bank Holiday: Monday, 25 May

    • Summer Bank Holiday: Monday, 31 August

    • Christmas Day: Friday, 25 December

    • Boxing Day (Substitute Day): Monday, 28 December

    Scotland:

    2025:

    • New Year's Day: Wednesday, 1 January

    • 2nd January: Thursday, 2 January

    • Good Friday: Friday, 18 April

    • Early May Bank Holiday: Monday, 5 May

    • Spring Bank Holiday: Monday, 26 May

    • Summer Bank Holiday: Monday, 4 August

    • St. Andrew's Day (Substitute Day): Monday, 1 December

    • Christmas Day: Thursday, 25 December

    • Boxing Day: Friday, 26 December

    2026:

    • New Year's Day: Thursday, 1 January

    • 2nd January: Friday, 2 January

    • Good Friday: Friday, 3 April

    • Early May Bank Holiday: Monday, 4 May

    • Spring Bank Holiday: Monday, 25 May

    • Summer Bank Holiday: Monday, 3 August

    • St. Andrew's Day: Monday, 30 November

    • Christmas Day: Friday, 25 December

    • Boxing Day (Substitute Day): Monday, 28 December

    Northern Ireland:

    2025:

    • New Year's Day: Wednesday, 1 January

    • St. Patrick's Day: Monday, 17 March

    • Good Friday: Friday, 18 April

    • Easter Monday: Monday, 21 April

    • Early May Bank Holiday: Monday, 5 May

    • Spring Bank Holiday: Monday, 26 May

    • Battle of the Boyne (Orangemen's Day) (Substitute Day): Monday, 14 July

    • Summer Bank Holiday: Monday, 25 August

    • Christmas Day: Thursday, 25 December

    • Boxing Day: Friday, 26 December

    2026:

    • New Year's Day: Thursday, 1 January

    • St. Patrick's Day: Tuesday, 17 March

    • Good Friday: Friday, 3 April

    • Easter Monday: Monday, 6 April

    • Early May Bank Holiday: Monday, 4 May

    • Spring Bank Holiday: Monday, 25 May

    • Battle of the Boyne (Orangemen's Day) (Substitute Day): Monday, 13 July

    • Summer Bank Holiday: Monday, 31 August

    • Christmas Day: Friday, 25 December

    • Boxing Day (Substitute Day): Monday, 28 December

    Please note that substitute days are used when a bank holiday falls on a weekend, allowing the public holiday to be observed on the next weekday. These dates are subject to change, so it's advisable to consult official government sources or local authorities closer to the time for any updates.

  • The European Union (EU) does not have statutory holidays that are uniformly observed across all member states. Each member country determines its own public holidays based on national traditions, cultural significance, and historical events. However, within EU institutions, certain holidays are commonly observed. Below are the public holidays for the EU institutions for the years 2025 and 2026:

    2025:

    • New Year's Day: Wednesday, 1 January

    • Day following New Year's Day: Thursday, 2 January

    • Second day following New Year's Day: Friday, 3 January

    • Maundy Thursday: Thursday, 17 April

    • Good Friday: Friday, 18 April

    • Easter Monday: Monday, 21 April

    • Labor Day: Thursday, 1 May

    • Anniversary of the Robert Schuman Declaration (Europe Day): Friday, 9 May

    • Ascension Day: Thursday, 29 May

    • Day after Ascension Day: Friday, 30 May

    • Whit Monday: Monday, 9 June

    • National Day in Luxembourg: Monday, 23 June

    • National Day in France: Monday, 14 July (depending on place of employment)

    • National Day in Belgium: Monday, 21 July

    • Assumption Day: Friday, 15 August

    • Christmas and New Year Holidays: Wednesday, 24 December to Friday, 2 January 2026

    2026:

    • New Year's Day: Thursday, 1 January

    • Day following New Year's Day: Friday, 2 January

    • Maundy Thursday: Thursday, 2 April

    • Good Friday: Friday, 3 April

    • Easter Monday: Monday, 6 April

    • Labor Day: Friday, 1 May

    • Anniversary of the Robert Schuman Declaration (Europe Day): Saturday, 9 May

    • Ascension Day: Thursday, 14 May

    • Whit Monday: Monday, 25 May

    • Assumption Day: Saturday, 15 August

    • Christmas and New Year Holidays: Thursday, 24 December to Friday, 1 January 2027

    Please note that these dates are specific to EU institutions and may not correspond to public holidays in individual member states. For country-specific public holidays, it's advisable to consult the official government websites of each member state.

  • Australia's public holidays are determined by both federal and state or territory governments, leading to variations across regions. Below is a comprehensive list of national and state-specific public holidays for 2025 and 2026:

    National Public Holidays:

    These holidays are observed nationwide:

    2025:

    • New Year's Day: Wednesday, 1 January

    • Australia Day: Monday, 27 January (observed, as 26 January falls on a Sunday)

    • Good Friday: Friday, 18 April

    • Easter Monday: Monday, 21 April

    • Anzac Day: Friday, 25 April

    • Christmas Day: Thursday, 25 December

    • Boxing Day: Friday, 26 December

    2026:

    • New Year's Day: Thursday, 1 January

    • Australia Day: Monday, 26 January

    • Good Friday: Friday, 3 April

    • Easter Monday: Monday, 6 April

    • Anzac Day: Saturday, 25 April

    • Christmas Day: Friday, 25 December

    • Boxing Day: Saturday, 26 December

    State and Territory Specific Holidays:

    In addition to national holidays, each state and territory observes its own public holidays. Here are some key state-specific holidays for 2025 and 2026:

    New South Wales (NSW):

    • Labour Day: Monday, 6 October 2025; Monday, 5 October 2026

    Victoria (VIC):

    • Labour Day: Monday, 10 March 2025; Monday, 9 March 2026

    • Melbourne Cup Day: Tuesday, 4 November 2025; Tuesday, 3 November 2026

    Queensland (QLD):

    • Labour Day: Monday, 5 May 2025; Monday, 4 May 2026

    • Royal Queensland Show (Brisbane area only): Wednesday, 13 August 2025; Wednesday, 12 August 2026

    Western Australia (WA):

    • Labour Day: Monday, 3 March 2025; Monday, 2 March 2026

    • Western Australia Day: Monday, 2 June 2025; Monday, 1 June 2026

    South Australia (SA):

    • Adelaide Cup Day: Monday, 10 March 2025; Monday, 9 March 2026

    • Labour Day: Monday, 6 October 2025; Monday, 5 October 2026

    Tasmania (TAS):

    • Eight Hours Day: Monday, 10 March 2025; Monday, 9 March 2026

    • Royal Hobart Regatta: Monday, 10 February 2025; Monday, 9 February 2026

    Australian Capital Territory (ACT):

    • Canberra Day: Monday, 10 March 2025; Monday, 9 March 2026

    • Reconciliation Day: Monday, 2 June 2025; Monday, 1 June 2026

    Northern Territory (NT):

    • May Day: Monday, 5 May 2025; Monday, 4 May 2026

    • Picnic Day: Monday, 4 August 2025; Monday, 3 August 2026

    Please note that some holidays, such as the King's Birthday, are observed on different dates across various states and territories. Additionally, certain regions may have local public holidays or variations. For the most accurate and up-to-date information, it's advisable to consult the official government websites of the respective state or territory.

    For a detailed list of public holidays by state and territory, you can refer to the Fair Work Ombudsman's website.
    fairwork.gov.au

  • China: five religions:
    Short Definitions:

    1. Buddhism: Originating in India, Buddhism emphasizes the pursuit of enlightenment through understanding the nature of reality, practicing meditation, and following ethical precepts.

    2. Taoism (Daoism): A native Chinese religion and philosophy that advocates living in harmony with the Tao (the Way), which is the natural order of the universe. It emphasizes simplicity, spontaneity, and non-action.

    3. Islam: A monotheistic faith centered on belief in one God (Allah) and the teachings of the prophet Muhammad as revealed in the Qur’an. Islam emphasizes prayer, charity, fasting, and pilgrimage (Hajj) as key practices.

    4. Protestantism: A branch of Christianity that originated with the Reformation, emphasizing salvation by faith alone, the authority of the Bible, and the priesthood of all believers.

    5. Catholicism: The largest branch of Christianity, led by the Pope, emphasizing the sacraments, the authority of the Church, and tradition alongside the Bible.

    In addition to these, Confucianism and Chinese folk religions have historically played significant roles in Chinese culture, though they are not officially recognized as religions by the government.

    Religious Holidays in China:

    While China is officially secular, several traditional festivals have religious origins and are widely celebrated:

    1. Chinese New Year (Spring Festival): Celebrated from January 28 to February 4, 2025, this festival marks the beginning of the lunar new year. It involves family reunions, feasting, and various cultural rituals.

    2. Qingming Festival (Tomb Sweeping Day): Observed from April 4 to April 6, 2025, it is a time for families to honor their ancestors by cleaning gravesites and making offerings.

    3. Dragon Boat Festival: Taking place from May 31 to June 2, 2025, this festival commemorates the ancient poet Qu Yuan with dragon boat races and eating zongzi (sticky rice dumplings).

    4. Mid-Autumn Festival: Celebrated on October 6, 2025, it is a time for families to gather, admire the full moon, and enjoy mooncakes.

    Public Holidays in China 2025:

    China's official public holidays for 2025 are as follows:

    • New Year's Day: January 1, 2025

    • Spring Festival (Chinese New Year): January 28 – February 4, 2025

    • Qingming Festival: April 4 – April 6, 2025

    • Labor Day: May 1 – May 5, 2025

    • Dragon Boat Festival: May 31 – June 2, 2025

    • National Day and Mid-Autumn Festival: October 1 – October 8, 2025

    • Golden Week in China is not a religious holiday. It is a national holiday period that includes two major public holidays:

      1. Spring Festival Golden Week – Celebrated during Chinese New Year (Lunar New Year) in late January or February.

      2. National Day Golden Week – Celebrated from October 1 to October 7, marking the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949.

      These holidays are meant for travel, family reunions, and economic stimulation

    These dates are subject to change based on official government announcements.

    Academic Holidays in China:

    Academic calendars in China can vary by institution and region. Generally, the school year is divided into two semesters:

    • Fall Semester: Starts in early September and ends in mid-January.

    • Spring Semester: Begins in mid-February and concludes in early July.

    Major academic holidays typically include:

    • Winter Break: Aligns with the Spring Festival, usually spanning three to four weeks in January or February.

    • Summer Break: Extends from early July to late August.

      For exact dates regarding Academia Holidays. it's advisable to consult the academic calendar of the particular institution for precise information

  • Brief definition: Christian Religion
    The Christian religion is a faith centered on the life, teachings, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ. It is based on the Bible and emphasizes beliefs such as the Trinity (God as Father, Son, and Holy Spirit), salvation through faith in Jesus, and love for God and others. Christianity has various denominations, including Catholicism, Protestantism, and Eastern Orthodoxy

    Christmas Day: December 25 (celebrates the birth of Jesus)

    Epiphany: January 6 (commemorates the revelation of Christ to the Gentiles)

    Feast of the Immaculate Conception: December 8 (observed in Roman Catholic traditions)

    All Saints' Day: November 1 (honors all saints, known and unknown)

    All Souls' Day: November 2 (commemorates all the faithful departed)

    Palm Sunday: The Sunday before Easter (marks Jesus’ triumphal entry into Jerusalem)

    Maundy Thursday: The Thursday before Easter (commemorates the Last Supper)

    Good Friday: The Friday before Easter (observes the crucifixion of Jesus)

    Easter Monday: The day after Easter (observed in many countries)

    Ascension Day: 39 days after Easter Sunday (always a Thursday, commemorating Jesus’ ascension)

    Pentecost: 49 days after Easter Sunday (celebrates the descent of the Holy Spirit)

    Trinity Sunday: The first Sunday after Pentecost (honors the Holy Trinity)

    Corpus Christi: Typically the Thursday after Trinity Sunday (celebrates the Eucharist, sometimes moved to the following Sunday)

  • Brief definition: Jewish Religion
    The Jewish religion (Judaism) is a monotheistic faith centered on the belief in one God and the teachings of the Torah. It emphasizes ethical living, religious law (Halakha), and traditions passed down through the Hebrew Bible and rabbinic teachings. Judaism has several branches, including Orthodox, Conservative, and Reform, and is deeply connected to Jewish history, culture, and identity.

    Jewish holidays are set according to the Hebrew calendar, so their Gregorian dates change each year. Below are the major holidays with their fixed Hebrew calendar dates:

    Taking a closer look

    It's interesting to see that 5784 is a Hebrew leap year, which shifts Passover 2025 to April 12, 2025, due to the Hebrew calendar's variety of leap years.

    Tu Bishvat
    2025 Sunset, 12 Feb –Dusk, 13 Feb
    2026 Sunset, 1 Feb – Dusk, 2 Feb
    2027 Sunset, 22 Jan – Dusk, 23 Jan

    • Purim: 14 Adar (celebrated on 15 Adar in Jerusalem and other walled cities as Shushan Purim)
      Purim 2025:

      • Begins at sundown on Wednesday, March 12, 2025

      • Ends at nightfall on Thursday, March 13, 2025

      Purim 2026:

      • Begins at sundown on Friday, February 28, 2026

      • Ends at nightfall on Saturday, March 1, 2026

    • Passover (Pesach): 15–21 Nissan (diaspora observances extend to 22 Nissan)

    • Passover 2025 (Pesach 5785):

      • In Israel:

      • Begins at sundown on Saturday, April 12, 2025

        Ends at nightfall on Sunday, April 20, 2025

      • In the Diaspora:

        Observed for an extra day, ending at nightfall on Monday, April 21, 2025

      Passover 2026 (Pesach 5786):

      • In Israel:

        Begins at sundown on Thursday, April 1, 2026

      • Ends at nightfall on Friday, April 9, 2026

      • In the Diaspora:

        Extended observance concludes at nightfall on Saturday, April 10, 2026

      Note: Jewish holidays begin at sundown on the previous evening, so these dates reflect the start of the holiday at sundown on the stated day.

    • Shavuot (Feast of Weeks): 6 Sivan (in some communities, observed over 6–7 Sivan)

    • Pinpointing Shavuot's arrival

      Counting 49 days from April 2, 2026, Shavuot will fall on April 20, coinciding with Gregorian April 30. Using nightfall guidelines, Shavuot spans April 20 to April 22.

    • Shavuot 2025:

      • In Israel:

      • Begins at sundown on June 1, 2025

        Ends at nightfall on June 2, 2025

      • In the Diaspora:

        Observed for two days, from sundown on June 1, 2025 until nightfall on June 3, 2025

      Shavuot 2026:

      • In Israel:

      • Begins at sundown on May 21, 2026

        Ends at nightfall on May 22, 2026

      • In the Diaspora:

        Observed for two days, from sundown on May 21, 2026 until nightfall on May 23, 2026

      Note: Shavuot is celebrated on the 50th day of the Omer count, with observance beginning at sundown per Jewish tradition.

    • Tisha B’Av (Fast of the Ninth of Av): 9 Av

    • I’m piecing together the Tisha B'Av dates for 2023-2026, considering leap years. The progression shows nonlinear shifts: July 27, 2023; August 12, 2024; August 1, 2025; and July 21, 2026.

    • Assessing calendar transitions

      I'm considering the gap between Tisha B'Av in 2023 and 2024, which should be 354 or 384 days. This discrepancy highlights the differences between the Hebrew and Gregorian calendars.

    • Confirming the timeline

      I’m aligning the Tisha B'Av dates for 2023-2026 with Hebcal: July 26-27, 2023; August 12-13, 2024; August 1-2, 2025; and July 21-22, 2026.

    • Tisha B’Av (Fast of the Ninth of Av):

      • 2025:

      • Begins at sundown on Friday, August 1, 2025

        Ends at nightfall on Saturday, August 2, 2025

      • 2026:

      • Begins at sundown on Tuesday, July 21, 2026

        Ends at nightfall on Wednesday, July 22, 2026

      Note: These dates are determined by the Hebrew calendar, with observance beginning at sundown.

    • Rosh Hashanah (Jewish New Year): 1–2 Tishrei

    • Rosh Hashanah 2025:

      • Begins at sundown on Sunday, September 21, 2025

      • Ends at nightfall on Tuesday, September 23, 2025

    • Rosh Hashanah 2026:

      • Begins at sundown on Friday, September 11, 2026

      • Ends at nightfall on Sunday, September 13, 2026

    • Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement): 10 Tishrei
      Yom Kippur 2025:

      • Begins at sundown on Tuesday, September 30, 2025

      • Ends at nightfall on Wednesday, October 1, 2025

    • Yom Kippur 2026:

      • Begins at sundown on Sunday, September 20, 2026

      • Ends at nightfall on Monday, September 21, 2026

    • Sukkot (Feast of Tabernacles): 15–21 Tishrei

      • Shemini Atzeret: 22 Tishrei (with Simchat Torah on 23 Tishrei in the diaspora)
        For 2025:

        In Israel:

        Sukkot: Begins at sundown on Sunday, October 5, 2025 (with the first full day on Monday, October 6) and runs through the seventh day ending at nightfall on Sunday, October 12, 2025.

        Shemini Atzeret: Begins at sundown on October 12 and ends at nightfall on Monday, October 13, 2025.

        In the Diaspora:

        Sukkot: Observed for eight days, beginning at sundown on Sunday, October 5, 2025 and ending at nightfall on Monday, October 13, 2025.

        Simchat Torah: Celebrated immediately after Shemini Atzeret, typically on Tuesday, October 14, 2025.

        For 2026:

        In Israel:

        Sukkot: Begins at sundown on Thursday, September 25, 2026 (with the first full day on Friday, September 26) and runs through the seventh day, ending at nightfall on Thursday, October 2, 2026.

        Shemini Atzeret: Begins at sundown on October 2 and ends at nightfall on Friday, October 3, 2026.

        In the Diaspora:

        Sukkot: Observed for eight days, beginning at sundown on Thursday, September 25, 2026 and ending at nightfall on Friday, October 3, 2026.

        Simchat Torah: Celebrated on Saturday, October 4, 2026.

        These dates provide the framework for the Sukkot observance, with the exact schedule adjusted by community practice and local custom.

    • Hanukkah (Festival of Lights): 25 Kislev – 2 Tevet (8 days)
      Hanukkah 2025:

      Begins at sundown on Tuesday, December 23, 2025

      Ends at nightfall on Wednesday, December 31, 2025

      Hanukkah 2026:

      Begins at sundown on Saturday, December 12, 2026

      • Ends at nightfall on Sunday, December 20, 2026

  • Brief definition of Hindu Religion
    The Hindu religion (Hinduism) is a diverse and ancient faith that encompasses a wide range of beliefs, traditions, and practices. It is polytheistic and monotheistic, with devotion to deities like Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva, and Devi, and is guided by sacred texts like the Vedas and Bhagavad Gita. Hinduism emphasizes karma (cause and effect), dharma (duty/righteousness), and moksha (liberation from the cycle of rebirth). It has various sects and philosophical schools.

    Please note that Hindu holiday dates are determined by the lunisolar calendar and astronomical calculations; the dates below are estimated and can vary by region and local sighting.

    Hindu Holidays 2025 (Estimated):

    Makar Sankranti:
    January 14, 2025 (fixed solar date)

    Maha Shivaratri:
    February 26, 2025

    Holi:
    March 14, 2025

    Rama Navami:
    April 17, 2025

    Raksha Bandhan:
    Approximately August 8, 2025

    Ganesh Chaturthi:
    Approximately August 31, 2025

    Janmashtami:
    Approximately September 1, 2025

    Navaratri / Dussehra (Vijayadashami):
    Navaratri: October 1–October 9, 2025
    Dussehra (Vijayadashami): October 9, 2025

    Diwali (Deepavali):
    Approximately November 11, 2025

    Hindu Holidays 2026 (Estimated):

    • Makar Sankranti:

      January 14, 2026 (fixed solar date)

    • Maha Shivaratri:

      February 13, 2026

    • Holi:

      March 3, 2026

    • Rama Navami:

      April 6, 2026

    • Raksha Bandhan:

      Approximately July 29, 2026

    • Janmashtami:

      Approximately August 21, 2026

    • Ganesh Chaturthi:

      Approximately August 22, 2026

      Navaratri / Dussehra (Vijayadashami):

    • Navaratri: September 20–September 28, 2026

      Dussehra (Vijayadashami): September 28, 2026

    • Diwali (Deepavali):

      Approximately October 31, 2026

      These dates serve as a general guide. For the most accurate observance details, please refer to a local Hindu calendar or consult community authorities as the holidays approach.

  • Brief definition Muslim Religion: The Muslim religion (Islam) is a monotheistic faith centered on belief in one God (Allah) and the teachings of the prophet Muhammad as revealed in the Qur’an. Islam emphasizes prayer, charity, fasting, and pilgrimage (Hajj) as key practices. The two main branches are Sunni and Shia.

    Islamic holidays depend on the lunar Islamic calendar, causing Gregorian dates to shift by a day or two. Focusing on the key holidays: Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha, Islamic New Year, and possibly Ramadan and Laylat al-Qadr.

    Evaluating Ramadan dates
    It appears that Ramadan 2025 could start on March 31 or April 1. Eid al-Fitr would then be around April 30 or May 1, depending on the Ramadan duration.

    Assessing Eid al-Fitr
    Eid al-Fitr in 2025 is tentatively set for April 30, assuming Ramadan spans 29 days. The date is subject to moon sighting and may shift to May 1.

    Please note that Islamic holidays are based on the lunar calendar and depend on the local sighting of the moon; therefore, the following dates are estimated and may vary by one day in different regions.

    For 2025:

    • Ramadan:

      • Begins: Evening of March 31, 2025 (with the first day of fasting on April 1, 2025)

    • Eid al-Fitr:

      Celebrated: April 30, 2025

    • Eid al-Adha:

      • Celebrated: July 9, 2025 (with festivities starting the evening of July 8)

    • Islamic New Year (1 Muharram 1447 AH):

      • Expected: July 28, 2025

    • Mawlid al-Nabi (Prophet Muhammad's Birthday, 12 Rabi' al-Awwal 1447 AH):

      • Expected: October 28, 2025

    For 2026:

    • Ramadan:

      • Begins: Evening of March 19, 2026 (with the first day of fasting on March 20, 2026)

    • Eid al-Fitr:

      • Celebrated: April 19, 2026

    • Eid al-Adha:

      • Celebrated: June 28, 2026 (with festivities starting the evening of June 27)

    • Islamic New Year (1 Muharram 1448 AH):

      • Expected: July 17, 2026

    • Mawlid al-Nabi (Prophet Muhammad's Birthday, 12 Rabi' al-Awwal 1448 AH):

      • Expected: October 17, 2026

    These dates are approximate and should be confirmed with local religious authorities as the holidays approach.

  • Brief definition: Pagan Religion
    Paganism originated from the ancient, pre-Christian religious traditions of various indigenous cultures, particularly in Europe and the Mediterranean. These early belief systems were characterized by polytheism, animism, and a deep reverence for nature, evolving long before the emergence of monotheistic religions.(Monotheism is the belief in the existence of only one God or deity, distinguishing it from polytheism, which recognizes multiple gods. It is the foundation of many major world religions, such as Christianity, Islam, and Judaism. “Pagan': someone practicing a polytheistic or nature-based religion, often showing a reverence for natural forces, cycles, and multiple deities. The term spans various spiritual and religious beliefs outside major monotheistic traditions.

    These festivals, part of the modern Pagan Wheel of the Year, encapsulate the cyclical nature of the seasons and offer opportunities for reflection, community, and celebration throughout the year.

    Traditional celebrations for each of these pagan festivals in 2025:

    • Imbolc (February 1, 2025)

      • Meaning: Marks the early stirrings of spring and the gradual end of winter. Often associated with the goddess Brigid and themes of purification and renewal.

      • Celebrations: Lighting candles and bonfires, performing cleansing rituals, and creating Brigid's crosses to welcome the increasing light.

    • Ostara (Spring Equinox, March 20, 2025)

      • Meaning: Celebrates the balance between light and darkness at the vernal equinox, symbolizing rebirth, fertility, and new beginnings.

      • Celebrations: Egg decorating, planting seeds, enjoying feasts, and engaging in rituals that honor the earth’s rejuvenation.

    • Beltane (May 1, 2025)

      • Meaning: Celebrates the onset of summer, fertility, and the growth of nature. It is a time of passion, creativity, and the vibrant energy of life.

      • Celebrations: Dancing around the maypole, lighting bonfires, and performing rituals to invoke prosperity, love, and abundant growth.

    • Litha (Summer Solstice, June 21, 2025)

      • Meaning: Commemorates the longest day of the year when the sun is at its peak, symbolizing warmth, abundance, and the power of light.

      • Celebrations: Outdoor gatherings, feasting, and ritual bonfires to honor the sun’s energy and celebrate the height of summer.

    • Lughnasadh (Lammas, August 1, 2025)

      • Meaning: Marks the beginning of the harvest season and honors the Celtic god Lugh, celebrating the first fruits of the season.

      • Celebrations: Baking bread, hosting communal feasts, playing games, and offering thanks for the harvest and nature’s bounty.

    • Mabon (Autumn Equinox, September 22, 2025)

      • Meaning: Celebrates the autumnal equinox, when day and night are equal, symbolizing balance, gratitude, and the second harvest.

      • Celebrations: Sharing harvest meals, expressing gratitude for the year’s produce, and performing rituals to mark the turning of the seasons.

    • Samhain (October 31, 2025)

      • Meaning: Recognized as the Celtic New Year and a time to honor ancestors, it marks the end of the harvest season and the beginning of winter. The veil between the living and the dead is believed to be thin.

      • Celebrations: Lighting bonfires, feasting, engaging in divination, and remembering loved ones who have passed on.

    • Yule (Winter Solstice, December 21, 2025)

      • Meaning: Celebrates the winter solstice, the darkest day of the year, and symbolizes the rebirth of the sun and the promise of longer days ahead.

      • Celebrations: Lighting candles and fires, decorating evergreens, feasting, and partaking in rituals that welcome the return of light and new beginnings

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